The aim is to restore the function of the nerve fully or as far as possible and to resolve the aesthetic and emotional problems.
When the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII – nervus facialis) is damaged, one side of the face is usually paralysed, facial movements are reduced and movement coordination is sometimes disturbed against a background of pain. This condition can cause patients considerable distress, both aesthetically and functionally.
Treatment is directed first of all at restoring muscle and nerve function. Early use of corticosteroids, particularly in Bell's palsy, can help to reduce inflammation of the nerve. At the same time, starting an antiviral medication (aciclovir or valaciclovir) is considered if a viral cause is suspected.
Physiotherapy and facial retraining methods — repeated performance of gentle facial movements, electrical stimulation and specific exercises aimed at restoring basic function — are an important part of treatment.
If there is no improvement, or if the paralysis persists over a long period, surgical procedures (nerve transfers, muscle transpositions) may be considered. Psychological support and additional rehabilitation programmes to ease aesthetic distress may also be helpful.
The aim is to restore the function of the nerve fully or as far as possible and to resolve the aesthetic and emotional problems. The doctor adapts the individual treatment strategy to the patient's condition.